The plunger pump is an important device of the hydraulic system. It relies on the reciprocating movement of the plunger in the cylinder to change the volume of the sealed working chamber to achieve oil absorption and pressure. The plunger pump has the advantages of high rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency and convenient flow adjustment.
Plunger pumps are widely used in occasions where high pressure, large flow and flow need to be adjusted, such as hydraulic presses, construction machinery and ships.
1. Working principle of plunger pump
The core components of plunger pump are plunger (piston) and stator (pump body). Its working process usually includes three main stages: oil suction, oil pressure and oil discharge. The plunger pump uses the reciprocating motion of the piston in the pump body to compress and discharge the liquid in the pump chamber, thereby achieving the transmission of hydraulic power.
Oil suction stage: When the plunger moves from the high-pressure chamber to the low-pressure chamber, the liquid at the suction end enters the pump chamber and is sucked into the pump body through the space of the pump chamber.
Oil pressure stage: When the plunger returns in the chamber, the liquid is forced to compress, thereby generating pressure. The liquid flows out of the pump body through the oil discharge port.
Oil discharge stage: Under the action of the plunger, the liquid is discharged from the pump body and transmitted to other components of the hydraulic system.
The working principle of the plunger pump is different from that of the gear pump and the vane pump. It uses mechanical force to generate pressure through the movement of the piston, thereby driving the flow of liquid.
2. Types of plunger pumps
Depending on the structure and working mode, plunger pumps can be divided into many types, the most common ones are:
Axial plunger pump: The plunger arrangement of this type of plunger pump is along the axial direction of the pump shaft. It is characterized by small size, simple structure, high efficiency, and is suitable for applications requiring higher pressure and flow.
Radial plunger pump: The plunger of this type of plunger pump is perpendicular to the pump shaft and arranged radially. It is generally used in large flow and high pressure working environments, and has higher stability and reliability.
Among them, axial plunger pumps are usually widely used in industry and hydraulic drive systems due to their compact structure and superior performance.
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3. Advantages and disadvantages of plunger pumps
Advantages:
High pressure output: The working pressure of plunger pumps is usually high, which can reach 350bar or higher, so it is suitable for high-pressure systems.
High efficiency: plunger pumps can work efficiently in a wide range of flow and pressure, and can effectively reduce energy consumption.
Long life: Due to the use of plunger structure, the plunger pump has relatively few friction parts, low wear during operation, and long service life.
Adjustability: Many modern plunger pumps have adjustable flow and pressure functions to meet the needs of different working conditions.
Disadvantages:
Complex structure: Plunger pumps are more complex than other types of hydraulic pumps and have higher manufacturing costs.
Noise: When working under high pressure, plunger pumps may produce loud noise, especially under heavy loads.
High requirements for oil: The performance of the plunger pump is closely related to the cleanliness of the oil, so it is necessary to replace the hydraulic oil regularly and keep the hydraulic system clean.
4. Application areas of plunger pumps
Due to their high efficiency, stability and durability, plunger pumps are widely used in industries that require high-pressure and high-efficiency hydraulic drives. Common application areas include:
Engineering machinery: Such as excavators, cranes, rollers, etc., plunger pumps provide high-pressure hydraulic power to ensure the normal operation of mechanical equipment.
Aerospace: In the field of aerospace, plunger pumps are often used in the hydraulic system of aircraft to meet the needs of high precision and high efficiency.
Metallurgical industry: used in steel smelting, casting and other equipment, the plunger pump can withstand high temperature and high pressure to ensure the operation of the equipment.
Mining machinery: In the mining process, the plunger pump is used as a hydraulic power source to support various operations of mining machinery.
Ship and marine engineering: In ship power systems and marine engineering equipment, plunger pumps are often used in thrust systems, lifting systems, etc.
5. Selection and maintenance of plunger pumps
Selecting a suitable plunger pump requires considering multiple factors, such as pressure, flow, power, type and cleanliness of oil, etc. When selecting, the appropriate pump type and specification should be selected according to actual needs.
The maintenance of the plunger pump is also very important. In order to extend its service life and maintain good working condition, the condition of the pump body and seals should be checked regularly to ensure that the oil in the hydraulic system is clean and avoid oil contamination causing pump damage.
6. Common brands and models of hydraulic plunger pumps
In the hydraulic industry, many well-known brands produce various models of plunger pumps to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Common brands include:
Rexroth: such as A4VG series, A10VG series, etc., widely used in industrial machinery and engineering equipment.
Parker piston pump: such as Parker PV series, suitable for high pressure and heavy load environment.
Kawasaki: Provides plunger pumps that meet various industrial needs, such as K3V and K5V series.
Eaton piston pump: such as Vickers series, suitable for a variety of hydraulic power systems.
The plunger pump products of these brands are generally characterized by high efficiency, durability and adjustable flow, suitable for various industrial and mechanical applications.
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7. Summary
As a key component in the hydraulic system, the plunger pump has been widely used in various industrial fields requiring high pressure and high flow hydraulic power due to its high efficiency, adjustability and long life. Although the structure of the plunger pump is relatively complex, its excellent performance makes it play an important role in engineering machinery, metallurgy, aerospace and other industries. When purchasing, you need to choose according to the actual application needs. At the same time, regular maintenance can extend the service life of the plunger pump and ensure the stable operation of the hydraulic system.
